10/6 ARM or 10/1 ARM vs. 30-year fixed: Which mortgage is right for you?

When deciding how to finance or refinance your home, it’s important to explore all of your options. That includes investigating the pros and cons of the two main types of mortgages: adjustable-rate mortgages and fixed-rate mortgages.

But how do you decide which option is best for you? We consulted with an Alliant mortgage loan officer to put together some tips to help you out.

What is the difference between a 10/6 ARM or 10/1 ARM vs. 30-year fixed mortgage?

A fixed-rate mortgage has the same interest rate from the time you take out the loan until you pay it off. With an ARM loan, or adjustable-rate mortgage, the interest rate is set for a period of time, and then may go up or down after that set adjustment period.

For example, if you're wondering what a 10/6 ARM is, that indicates that the interest rate is fixed for 10 years, and then the interest rate will be adjusted every six months after that for the duration of your loan. A 10/1 ARM means the initial fixed rate period is for 10 years, then the interest rate will be adjusted every (one) year after that for the remaining life of the loan.

Hearing that your interest rate could change after 10 years can sometimes make consumers feel uneasy, perhaps triggering memories of the 2008 housing crisis. (Though, it’s important to remember that ARM mortgages themselves didn’t cause the crisis; it was much more complex than that.) People also often forget about or don’t even know about 10/1 ARMS or 10/6 ARMs, and only think of 3/1 and 3/6, or 5/1 and 5/6 ARMs, which lock in rates for only three and five years, respectively. Additionally, the 30-year fixed mortgage is the “standard” that most home buyers are accustomed to hearing about because it’s the rate and product most often featured in advertisements.

Simply learning more about the benefits of a 10/6 ARM vs. a 30-year fixed mortgage can ease uncertainty and help you make a more informed decision when it’s time to buy a new home or refinance your current mortgage.

Difference between 10/6 ARM vs. 10/1 ARM

A 10/6 ARM and 10/1 ARM have the same fixed rate period, 10 years. Once that period is over, the rate on a 10/6 ARM changes every six months. The rate on a 10/1 ARM changes every (one) year, after the 10-year fixed rate period.

How to decide if a 10/1 ARM or 10/6 ARM is right for you

Alliant Mortgage Loan Officer Nick Safis says when he works with people on a new mortgage or refinance mortgage, he wants to lay out all of their financing options. Often, he says, people will find that the 10/6 ARM is “the best of both worlds,” giving them a lower interest rate than fixed rate loans such as a 30-year fixed but with more stability than a 5/6 ARM.

Safis also recommends that people ask a few questions to help them decide if a 10/6 ARM is right for them.

• Don’t ask, “How long am I going to live in this home?” Instead, ask yourself, “Realistically, how long am I going to have this mortgage?”
• Only a small percentage of home owners have the same mortgage for more than 10 years. Ask your parents and friends if they’ve had a mortgage for more than 10 years before moving or refinancing. Their answers could surprise you.
• Finally, ask yourself how much money you could save with a 10/6 ARM vs. a 30-year fixed mortgage.

Use a mortgage payment calculator

When mortgage rates are at a low interest period, a fixed-rate mortgage may make the most sense. However, when interest rates are rising, it’s a different market. Safis says the average rate difference between a 10/6 ARM and a 30-year fixed mortgage can be about 0.5% to 0.75%.

For example, let’s say you’re buying a new home and the spread between the two rates is 0.5%. You’re choosing between a $300,000, 30-year fixed mortgage at 6.30% APR and a 10/6 ARM at 5.70% APR. Your monthly payment would be about $1,857 for the 30-year fixed and only $1,741 for the 10/6 ARM. While $116 a month might not look like much, that adds up to nearly $14,000 of payment savings over the first 10 years. Multiply that savings by several moves in a lifetime, and you could be looking at tens of thousands of dollars in savings.

An easy way to do the math and compare the payment amounts for a 10/6 ARM and 30-year fixed is with a mortgage payment calculator. Just plug in your loan amount, interest rate and term to get an estimate on your monthly mortgage payment with principal and interest.

You might also be able to save money on loan origination fees and avoid having to pay for private mortgage insurance (PMI) with a 10/6 ARM vs. a 30-year fixed mortgage. Be sure to ask your loan officer about those options as well.

Planning for the future

Compared to a generation or two ago, people are moving – and refinancing – much more often, with folks staying in their homes for an average of only eight years before moving again. Whether it’s due to life-stage changes or switching jobs, people are moving – and refinancing – much more often than they did in the past.

Whether you decide to go with a 10/6 ARM or 30-year fixed mortgage, Safis says it’s important to establish and keep an ongoing relationship with your mortgage loan officer. They will keep an eye on the market and let you know when and if it makes sense to refinance. If rates are lower a couple years after you buy your home, for example, they might suggest refinancing from an ARM to a fixed-rate mortgage. Ultimately, Safis says, your mortgage loan officer wants to help educate you and save you money so you can reach your financial goals.

Get a step closer to your dream home

Looking for the perfect home? Alliant has mortgage loan options to fit any budget.

Learn more about home loans and mortgages with these great blog articles:

• How to get preapproved for a mortgage
• How do you choose the best mortgage?
• Common mortgage terms you should know

Maggie Tomasek is the marketing manager of special projects at Alliant. She began her career as a journalist for newspapers in Utica, N.Y., Des Moines and Cincinnati before moving to Chicago in 2009. Maggie is an eight-time Chicago Marathon finisher and a lifelong creative writer with a passion for comedy. Her mom instilled in her a great sense of fiscal responsibility, and her big sister told her to throw that responsibility out the window every once in a while in the name of life experience. So far, that combination of financial advice has worked out pretty well for her.